A high quality parent-child relationship is critical for healthy development. Mental health and behavioral problems could be attributed to early childhood and the mother-child interactions. Foster care in Ghana is an age old tradition as it is viewed as a kinship obligation. Children are commonly seen taken to live with extended family relations. This practice is common in the rural and urban centers, where children serve as as domestic assistance or for the purposes of being given a better education. This book brings to the reader the background of foster care in Ghana, it also outlines a number of theories and related studies in mother-child relationships and how it affects the well-being of the child.Statistical analysis are made to give the reader the extent of significance to which parenting affect the anxiety, self-esteem, depression and personality of adolescents. Adolescents between the ages 13years and 19years living with either their biological or foster parents and whose birth parent are alive were studied. Based on the analysis, recommendations are made to parents,school teachers and guidance counselors.