The process of population ageing has given rise to a number of debates about the new paths of health policy for the elderly. All the changes related to old age are determining factors for the vulnerability of these individuals in terms of the risks to their health, as well as their Quality of Life (QoL). This is directly related to emotional, cognitive, psychological and functional aspects. This book presents the results relating to the profile of community-dwelling elderly people registered with the Primary Health Care service in two municipalities in the north-east of Brazil. It also discusses the association between the sociodemographic profile of community-dwelling elderly people and aspects of their Quality of Life. Carried out through a rich bibliographical review, the discussion of the subject relates the results of the work to important findings from national and international research, published in highly relevant journals. This book is therefore aimed at health professionals in Primary Health Care, as well as scholars of ageing and the general public, given its scope.