Dental caries is the most common chronic dental disease in the world. It is defined as a multifactorial microbial infectious disease characterized by demineralization of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. Conventional treatments for caries removal are often associated with pain and fear as they are based on Mechanically driven rotary devices. In these devices tactile sensation decreases with increasing speed and overcutting of tooth structure during cavity preparation is a major disadvantage. To overcome these disadvantages a non-rotary technique is used for caries removal which is known as Minimal Invasive Dentistry (MID). Minimally invasive treatment offers an attractive alternative to managing carious lesions more conservatively and effectively, resulting in enhanced preservation of tooth structure and it includes the use of air abrasion, lasers, ultrasonic devices, polymer burs, Atraumatic restorative technique, chemo-mechanical caries removal. Hence this book aims to elaborate and analyze the scientific literature regarding the alternative therapeutic approach to caries lesion management.