Seven dietary indicators on 364 dentitions of working class Predynastic Egyptians
from Hierakonpolis and Naqada are examined. The majority of the samples
from both sites date to Naqada II (3500-3200 BC), during which these
were the two main urban centers for Upper Egypt. Samples consist of adults
and juveniles ranging from 6 years to over 50 years of age. Dietary indicators,
including caries, calculus, abscess, periodontal disease, macrowear, microwear,
and hypoplastic enamel defects are used to look for statistically significant
differences between working class inhabitants of the two sites as well
as sex and age groups within each site. Three questions are addressed. (1)
Which of the available flora and fauna were being eaten? While specific food
could not be identified individually, cultivated items such as bread and raw
vegetables were consumed by all individuals at Hierakonpolis but mostly
women and children at Naqada. At least some meat and/or fish was consumed
at both sites. (2) Were food types found as burial offerings being eaten?
Consumption of at least two burial offerings, bread and nutsedge (Hierakonpolis
only), are supported. (3) Were the working class inhabitants of Hierakonpolis
and Naqada consuming the same diet? While the major portions
of the diet appear to be similar, this study found both dietary and behavioral
differences between the working class members of these sites.