The school, being a space for socialization, is the place where, in addition to building knowledge, information is acquired and practices are carried out with respect to gender. For this reason, the objective of the monograph was to determine bibliographically the relationship between school and the construction of gender roles in boys and girls in basic general education. To this end, we worked on collecting information on gender, gender identity, gender stereotypes and roles, as well as on the school and how gender roles are constructed in it. Consequently, these are the categories described in the monograph. From the analysis it can be affirmed that gender is a social construction, since it is society that determines everything that is specific to each gender. Furthermore, although the home is the first place of socialization, the school is the place where everything related to gender is learned, reinforced and molded. Thus, at school, through the practices of teachers, gender roles continue to be reproduced.