The Golden Age of Ancient Greece, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment are three historical ages with significant underlying Philosophical and Educational intent. In this work the image of Ariadne's thread in the labyrinth where the Leviathan-like Minotaur dwells is used to illustrate the hidden cultural phenomenon of continuity of ideas that sustain our Cultural journey throughout ages. The ideas of Aristotle and Kant are key arenas of achievement in our cultural History. Volume I of this work, focussed extensively on the waning of Aristotle's influence in the journey of ideas up to an including the Philosophy of Rousseau. Volume II focuses on the waxing of Aristotelian ideas in the Philosophy of Kant and the subsequent waning of Kantian Philosophy at the hands of "modern thinkers" influenced by Hegel, Science, and Economics. The "modern age" is in our eyes a misnomer because the next candidate for the title "Age" must contain events of greater significance than landing on the moon and the creation of atomic bombs. The next age we will argue in Volume III will be the age of Philosophical Cosmopolitanism brought about by manifold globalisation forces we are experiencing today.