This book covers a wide range of concepts related to microbial bioremediation. The role of microbes especially bacteria involved in cleaning up the heavy metal polluted environment like water bodies. These heavy metals are highly toxic and cause a wide range of diseases to human beings . Its high time to remove heavy metals from the polluted environment through bioremediation. These bacteria harbor those heavy metal resistant genes which are responsible for heavy metal resistance. These heavy metal resistant genes are also responsible for antibiotic resistance.