In 1869 Horatio Brooks, a former superintendent of the New York and Erie Railroad, leased the shops at Dunkirk, New York and opened the Brooks Locomotive Works. It quickly became the largest manufacturer in New York State, and in its second year Brooks built 43 new locomotives for customers domestic and foreign. The 1000th engine rolled off the line in 1884.

By the time Horatio Brooks died in 1887, his company was nearly at its zenith. Production reached a high of 225 locomotives in 1891, but declined in 1894 to only 90 due to a financial crisis. Brooks was eventually forced to merge with the Schenectady Locomotive Works and several other companies, which emerged
under the American Locomotive Company name.

The Dunkirk plant produced its last steam locomotive in 1928.