The general objective of this work is to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of students in the cities of Maputo, Beira and Lichinga in relation to HIV/AIDS in secondary schools in Mozambique. We present the historical milestones of Mozambique, starting with the first contacts with the Portuguese. The main cultural characteristics of the peoples under study are highlighted. The various approaches to attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and behavior in relation to HIV are discussed, as well as theories relating to behavioral change in the face of HIV/AIDS. The book is aimed at teachers, students of Psychology, Collective Health and the general public interested in the subject under study.