V nastoyashchee vremya, v vek tekhnologicheskikh dostizheniy, chelovek ochen' podverzhen razlichnym vozdeystviyam okruzhayushchey sredy. Eti vliyaniya deystvuyut ne tol'ko na fizicheskoe sostoyanie, no i na psikhicheskoe. Stressy, psikhotravmiruyushchie situatsii mogut privodit' k razlichnym nevroticheskim rasstroystvam. Problema reaktsiy lichnosti na psikhotravmiruyushchie situatsii yavlyayutsya odnoy iz osnovopolagayushchikh problem klinicheskoy psikhologii. Tsentral'nymi stanovyatsya voprosy o mekhanizmakh formirovaniya svyazannykh s psikhotravmoy narusheniy, chto mozhet privodit' i k psikhosomaticheskim proyavleniyam. Schitaetsya, chto v usloviyakh vozdeystviya na cheloveka psikhicheskoy travmy voznikaet al'ternativa: libo v svyazi so stressoustoychivost'yu i pod vliyaniem metodov psikhologicheskoy zashchity chelovek ostaetsya zdorovym, libo zabolevaet. Lichnost' rebenka yavlyaetsya naibolee uyazvimoy chast'yu obshchestva. Eto obuslovleno tem, chto adaptivnye mekhanizmy vazhneyshikh regulyatornykh sistem (nervnoy, endokrinnoy, immunnoy) i vistseral'noy sistem organizma u detey nakhodyatsya na stadii stanovleniya. Zametnuyu rol' v ikh patogeneze igrayut razlichnye stressovye vozdeystviya na organizm, sredi kotorykh vazhnoe mesto otvoditsya psikhoemotsional'nym stressam, a takzhe osobennostyam organ