During the intensification of research activities in the Southern Ocean in recent years, both at national levels and through international cooperation in such projects as BIOMASS with its FIBEX and SIBEX phases, the
need was felt increasingly for closer collaboration between biologists, meteorologists, and oceanographers in the study of the interaction between the atmospheric forces, the water masses, and the living resources. Better
knowledge in this regard is not only of scientific interest but also of practical importance, especially for the management of the resources and the protection of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. As a follow-up on a
recommendation by the IOC Program Group for the Southern Oceans made in March 1983, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission organized a meeting of experts on oceanography related to the dynamics of the Antarctic
ecosystems. During this meeting, held in Kiel, Federal Republic of Ger­ many, in May 1984, biologists and oceanographers involved in BIOMASS activities met with the oceanographers of SCOR Working Group 74 to discuss ways and
means for additional physical and chemical observations in the oceanographic research within BIOMASS. It was the time when large fluctuations in the distribution of krill with subsequent detrimental effects on predator species
dependent on krill had just been observed, and the question arose whether this was possibly the result of changes in the Antarctic water circulation.