John William Draper was a 19th century American scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. A History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874). is among the most influential works on the conflict thesis, which takes its name from Draper's title. This thesis's premise established an intrinsic conflict between science and religion. It is claimed that the historical record is proof that religion has always been in opposition to science. The conflict thesis is both historical and epistemological