Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Times of Turbulence: Theoretical Background to Applications offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the ever-changing landscape of our society. The book defines AI as machines capable of performing tasks that were once exclusive to human cognition. However, it emphasizes the current limitations of AI, dispelling the notion of sophisticated cyborgs depicted in popular culture. These machines lack self-awareness, struggle with understanding context-especially in language-and are constrained by historical data and predefined parameters. This distinction sets the stage for examining AI's impact on the job market and the evolving roles of humans and machines. Rather than portraying AI as a threat, this book highlights the symbiotic relationship between humans and machines. It recognizes that while certain jobs may become obsolete, new opportunities will emerge. The unique abilities of human beings-such as relational skills, emotional intelligence, adaptability, and understanding of differences-will continue to be indispensable in a rapidly transforming society. Its perspectives cover a wide range of topics such as business sustainability, change management, cybersecurity, digital economy and transformation, information systems management, management models and tools, and continuous improvement are comprehensively addressed. Additionally, the book delves into healthcare, telemedicine, Health 4.0, privacy and security, knowledge management, learning, and presents real-world case studies. Designed for researchers and professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge and research capabilities, this book offers a consistent theoretical and practical foundation. It serves as a springboard for further studies, supports change management initiatives within organizations, and facilitates knowledge sharing among experts. This book is an essential companion for colleges with master's and Ph.D. degree investigators, and researchers across a wide range of disciplines.