and Background.- Digital Watermarking Techniques.- Intelligent Techniques.- Intelligent Watermarking.- Spatial-Based Watermarking Schemes and Pixel Selection.- Discrete Cosine Transform Based Watermarking Scheme and Band Selection.- Vector Quantisation Based Watermarking Schemes and Codebook Partition.- Genetic Index Assignment.- Genetic Watermark Modification.- Hybrid Systems of Digital Watermarking.- Watermarking Based on Multiple Description VQ.- Fake Watermark Embedding Scheme Based on Multi-Stage VQ.- Watermarking with Visual Cryptography and Gain-Shape VQ.- Summary.- Conclusions and Future Directions.